n Service (INS). However, the INS was widely criticized after the September 11 terrorist attacks, and policy makers came to realize that immigration was an important aspect of national security. As a result, many immigration functions are now handle by the Department of Homeland Security.
  US government policy specifies several categories of immigrants
  Legal immigrants come to the United States seeking to establish permanent residence. They may choose to apply for permanent resident status (popularly known as ‘getting green card’. These residents receive and responsibilities of US citizens/ Permanent residents may apply for US citizenship after living in the country for 5 years.
  Illegal immigrants make up a significant number of arrivals each year. About 60 percent of illegal immigrants enter the country by crossing a US border illegally or by misrepresenting themselves/
  The other 40 percent enter the country legally, but stay beyond the limits of their visas, or authorizations to travel to the USA. By law, illegal immigrants can be deported. However, many Americans look the other way because illegal immigrants commonly work at jobs essential to the US economy.
  Non-immigrants enter and exit the country legally with temporary visas. These are foreign government officers, guest workers, tourists, businesspeople, or students. To enter the country they must have visas that specify the purpose and length of their visit. If they stay longer than their visas allow, they become illegal aliens subject

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